Notes for Chapter 12

    This Chapter is an extension of chapter 11 on alcohols but has greater importance for chemistry in general.

    You should make sure that you know about the Grignard reagent and all the reactions it can participate in.

    Similarly, organo lithium and organo copper lithium reagents have considerable importance in synthesis.  Mostly, they all provide a relatively simple source of carbanions which can be transferred to electron deficient atoms.

    In the case of carbonyl compounds, these carbanions can add to the carbonyl carbon and eventually form alcohols.  The alcohols can then undergo many reactions, leading to a wide range of products.

    Oxidation and reduction reactions are also  very important in synthesis.  Be able to recognize and select the common reducing reagents and oxidizing reagents and know when each is most useful.

    Begin thinking of reactions as intermediate steps in a sequence of reactions which lead from a given set of starting structures to a specific target molecule.

Suggested Problems from Chapter 12

12.1, 2 Oxidation states.

12.4 choose reagents.

12.5 Transformations.

12.6 Reaction products.

12.7 Synthesis of labeled compound.

12.11, 12, 13, 16 Reaction products.

12.19 Try these.

12.20 Synthesis.

12.21 Grignard in synthesis.

12.23 This should be clear.

12.25 Reactions with Grignard reagents.

12.26 Synthesis.