Notes for Chapter 9

    This chapter introduces two more methods for analyzing the structures of molecules.  NMR spectroscopy is one of the most powerful methods available.  This method can tell you how many kinds of hydrogen atoms and carbon atoms there are in a molecule.  (It can also be applied to many other elements, but we will concentrate on these two.)

    Mass spectrometry can tell us at least the molecular weight of a molecule, and sometimes provide an  insight into  the structure of some of its parts.

    You should concentrate on understanding how these methods work and what information can be obtained as well as what information is not accessible.  In general, several methods have to be applied to a molecule to determine its complete structure, but these methods can sometimes provide us with a complete structure.

    Do not try to memorize NMR chemical shifts!!! You will be given those values.  Understand how the method works and how you can get information from it.  This requires that you are familiar with molecular structure and can distinguish between different types of hydrogen or carbon atoms in a given molecule.

Suggested Problems for Chapter 9

9.1, 2 Interpretation.

9.3, 4 analyze molecules.

9.5 Enantiomers.

9.6 NMR signals.

9.7 Analyze spectrum.

9.9 NMR spectra.

9.11 Signal splitting.

9.13 NMR spectra.

9.14 Mass spectrum.

9.18 MS interpretation.

9.23 Determine Structure.

9.25 Mass spec.

9.26, 27 Interpretation.

9.32 Puzzle.

9.33 Use your imagination.

9.35 Interpretation of data.

9.37 Determine structure.

9.40 Explain spectra.

9.41 Temperature dependance of NMR.